COVID-19 is the disease
caused by new Coronavirus which is emerged in Wuhan, China in Dec 2019 and
later on it’s spreading to all over the globe. COVID-19 symptoms include cough,
sneezing, fever, headache, sore throat and shortness of breath. COVID-19 is
severe and may lead to death. Novel Coronavirus can be spread to person to
person and it can be detected by laboratory tests. Unfortunately there is no
vaccine to COVID-19 and frequent precautions are the best ways to protect
ourselves from COVID-19. Coronavirus is one of viruses and there are many kinds
and some cause disease newly identified as caused respiratory illness now
called COVID-19.
The novel SARS-Cov-2
coronavirus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China last year and has since
caused a large scale COVID-19 epidemic and spread to more than 70 other
countries is the product of natural evolution. Coronaviruses are a large
family of viruses that can cause illness ranging widely in severity. The first
known severe illness caused by coronavirus emerged with the 2003 severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China. A second outbreak of severe
illness began in 2012 in Saudi Arabia with the middle east respiratory
syndrome(MERS) on Dec 31 of last year Chinese authorities alerted the world
health organization of an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus causing
severe illness.
Reported illness has
ranged from mild symptoms to severe illness and death for confirmed coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. These symptoms may appear 2-14 days after
exposure based on the incubation period of MERS-CoV viruses. If you develop
emergency warning signs for COVID-19 get medical attention immediately.
Since there is no
vaccine and medication yet to cure COVID-19, frequent precautions are the only
ways to protect ourselves from COVID-19.
Basic precautions against COVID-19 are
Wash
your hand frequently; washing hands with soap and water or
using alcohol based hand rub kills viruses that may be on your hands.
Maintain
social distancing; when some coughs or sneezes they spray
small liquid droplets from their nose or mouth which may contain virus if you
are too close you can breathe their droplets.
Avoid
touching eyes, nose, and mouth; hands touch may
surfaces and can pick up viruses once contaminated, hands can transfer the
virus through our eyes, nose or mouth.
Practice respiratory hygiene; droplets spread virus by following good respiratory hygiene
you can protect the people around you from COVID-19
The virus outbreak was centered in Wuhan a city in eastern China with a population in excess of
11 million. In the week of prior to January 30 decision, the WHO emergency
committee- expressed “divergent views” there were visible divisions within the
committee. On January 30 a far reaching decision was taken without the support
of expert opinion at a time when the Coronavirus outbreak was limited to
mainland china. There were 150 confirmed cases outside china when decision was taken 6 in the US, 3 in Canada, 2 in UK
etc.
A global, novel Coronavirus that keeps us contained in our homes may be for months
is already reorienting our relationship to government, to the outside the
world, even each other. Some changes these experts expect to see in the coming
months or years might feel unfamiliar or unsettling. The loss of real GDP,
relative to what would have been the model prediction in 2020 without the
virus, is approximately $US 2.3 trillion for the world which is 2% lower than
the baseline. The US economy loses $US 420 billion in 2020 about 2% less than
the pre virus base line.
Coronavirus can be spread mainly from
person to person, people who are in close contact with one another. Through
respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. People
are thought to be most contagious when they are most symptomatic. Some spread
might be possible before people show symptoms; there have been reports of this
occurring with this new coronavirus.
We do not currently know if a pregnant
woman has a greater chance of getting sick from COVID-19 than the general public nor
whether they are more likely to have serious illness as a result. Pregnant
woman experience changes in their bodies that may increase their risk of some
infections. With viruses from the same
family as COVID-19, and other viral respiratory infections, such as
influenza, woman had a higher risk of developing
severe illness. It is always important for pregnant women to protect themselves
from illness.
Even
before the COVID-19 reached more than 100 countries around the world early
data from china where the outbreak started suggested that older adults were the
more vulnerable to the worst effects of the disease. Now, the data along with
emerging research from Italy the second most effected country in the world is showing just how dangerous COVID-19 is for older people and others
with heart, lung and immunological conditions.
Travel bans to affected areas or denial of entry to
passengers coming from affected areas are usually not effective in preventing
the importation of cases but may have a significant economic and social impact.
Since WHO declaration of a public health emergency of international concern in
relation to COVID-19, and as of 27 February, 38 countries have reported to WHO
additional health measures that significantly interfere with international
traffic in relation to travel to and from China or other countries, ranging
from denial of entry of passengers, visa restrictions or quarantine for
returning travelers.
The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which
is often fatal if untreated. EVD first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous
outbreaks, one in what is now Nzara, South Sudan, and the other in Yambuku,
DRC. The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the
disease takes its name. The 2014–2016 outbreak in West Africa was the largest
Ebola outbreak since the virus was first discovered in 1976. The outbreak
started in Guinea and then moved across land borders to Sierra Leone and
Liberia. The current 2018-2019 outbreak in eastern DRC is highly complex, with
insecurity adversely affecting public health response activities.
HIV is a virus that attacks cells in the immune
system, which is our body’s natural defence against illness. The virus destroys
a type of white blood cell in the immune system called a T-helper cell, and
makes copies of itself inside these cells. T-helper cells are also referred to
as CD4 cells. As HIV destroys more CD4 cells and makes more copies of itself,
it gradually weakens a person’s immune system. This means that someone who has
HIV, and isn’t taking antiretroviral treatment, will find it harder and harder
to fight off infections and diseases.
Chlamydia
(kluh-MID-e-uh) trachomatis (truh-KOH-muh-tis) is a common sexually transmitted
infection (STI) caused by bacteria. You might not know you have chlamydia
because many people don't have signs or symptoms, such as genital pain and
discharge from the vagina or penis. Chlamydia trachomatis affects mostly young
women, but it can occur in both men and women and in all age groups. It's not
difficult to treat, but if left untreated it can lead to more-serious health
problems.
Antimicrobial resistance happens when microorganisms such
as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites change when they are exposed to
antimicrobial drugs (such as antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals,
antimalarial, and anthelmintic). Microorganisms that develop antimicrobial
resistance are sometimes referred to as “superbugs”
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic
microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can
be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Zoonotic
diseases are infectious diseases of animals that can cause disease when
transmitted to humans.
Bacterial
and viral infections can cause similar symptoms such as coughing and sneezing,
fever, inflammation, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and cramping, all of which
are ways the immune system tries to rid the body of infectious organisms. But
bacterial and viral infections are dissimilar in many other important respects,
most of them due to the organisms' structural differences and the way they
respond to medications.